Genome location: Pf3D7_11_v3:1,292,966..1,296,696(+)
Genome classification: Core
Product Description: apical membrane antigen 1
SignalP Peptide: MRKLYCVLLLSAFEFTYMINFGRG
# Transmembrane Domains: 1
EC Numbers: None
Curated GO (PlasmoDB):
| Type | GO Term | Name |
|---|---|---|
| Component | GO:0020007 | apical complex |
| Component | GO:0020009 | microneme |
| Component | GO:0005886 | plasma membrane |
| Function | GO:0046812 | host cell surface binding |
| Function | GO:0005515 | protein binding |
| Process | GO:0044409 | entry into host |
Expression by stage (LR - Le Roch et al., and MCA - Malaria Cell Atlas):
| Stage | LR class | MCA mean | MCA prop. zeros |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sporozoite | expressed | N/A | N/A |
| Ring | expressed | 0.39 | 0.87 |
| Trophozoite | expressed | 0.10 | 0.94 |
| Schizont | expressed | 0.55 | 0.81 |
| Gametocyte | not expressed | 0.05 | 0.97 |
More info:
Old (Pf3D7v3) Gene ID: PF3D7_1133400
Resistome Missense Mutations: None
Resistome Compounds with Missense Mutations: None
Resistome # Samples with Disruptive Mutations: 0 (0 missense, 0 "interesting" missense)
Zhang Phenotype: Non - Mutable in CDS
MIS: 0.776 | MFS: -2.387 | #Insertions: 0
PlasmoGEM Phenotype: N/A
RMgmDB ABS Phenotype: Not different from wild type (Pb ortholog: PBANKA_0915000)
Modification: Mutated | RMgm-5150
More info: PhenoPlasm Link
AlphaFill Uniprot ID: Q7KQK5
"Best" AlphaFill ligand hit: MTN (s-[(1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-2,5-dihydro-1h-pyrrol-3-yl)methyl] methanesulfonothioate, Local RMSD=1.51) with 6N87 (Global RMSD=4.61)
No associated EC numbersNo evidence of orthology to BindingDB entries
MalariaGEN Pf7 (worldwide samples) # unique SNV/indels:
Homozygous genotype calls only
| variant type | common | rare | doubleton | singleton |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| synonymous | 5 | 4 | 7 | 18 |
| disruptive | 93 | 30 | 7 | 48 |
| missense | 93 | 27 | 7 | 39 |
Any inclusion in genotype call
| variant type | common | rare | doubleton | singleton |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| synonymous | 7 | 10 | 19 | 19 |
| disruptive | 103 | 46 | 18 | 86 |
| missense | 99 | 40 | 17 | 59 |
PlasmoDB Total SNPs: 162
Non-coding: 64 | Synonymous: 9 | Nonsynonymous: 89 | Stop Codon: 0
Protein Length: 622 | Molecular Weight (kDa): 72.042
UniProt ID(s): A0A193PBX3, A0A193PCS2, A0A193PCS6, B2LUX3, B2LV51, M1V1F7, M1VGJ3, Q7KQK5, Q94661, Q967K1, Q967K2
PDB ID(s): 1YXE, 1Z40, 2Q8A, 2Q8B, 2Z8V, 2Z8W, 3SRI, 3SRJ, 3ZWZ, 4R19, 4R1B, 4R1C, 8G6B, 8GID, 8GIE, 8GIF
Isoelectric Point: 5.23
Protein Domain Annotations:
| Source | Family ID | Description |
|---|---|---|
| InterPro | IPR003298 | Apical membrane antigen 1 |
| InterPro | IPR024056 | Apical membrane antigen 1 domain superfamily |
| PFam | PF02430 | Apical membrane antigen 1 |
| Superfamily | SSF82910 | Apical membrane antigen 1 domain superfamily |
| PMID | Title | Authors | DOI/Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2701947 | Integral membrane protein located in the apical complex of Plasmodium falciparum. | Peterson MG, Marshall VM, ..., Kemp DJ | 10.1128/mcb.9.7.3151-3154.1989 |
| 12228305 | Independent translocation of two micronemal proteins in developing Plasmodiumfalciparum merozoites. | Healer J, Crawford S, ..., Cowman AF | 10.1128/IAI.70.10.5751-5758.2002 |
| 12368864 | Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. | Gardner MJ, Hall N, ..., Barrell B | 10.1038/nature01097 |
| 14676185 | A role for apical membrane antigen 1 during invasion of hepatocytes by Plasmodiumfalciparum sporozoites. | Silvie O, Franetich JF, ..., Mazier D | 10.1074/jbc.M311331200 |
| 15805191 | Domain III of Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 binds to theerythrocyte membrane protein Kx. | Kato K, Mayer DC, ..., Miller LH | 10.1073/pnas.0501594102 |
| 16129835 | Structure of AMA1 from Plasmodium falciparum reveals a clustering ofpolymorphisms that surround a conserved hydrophobic pocket. | Bai T, Becker M, ..., Batchelor AH | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16129835/ |
| 16835460 | Plasmodium falciparum AMA1 binds a rhoptry neck protein homologous to TgRON4, acomponent of the moving junction in Toxoplasma gondii. | Alexander DL, Arastu-Kapur S, Dubremetz JF, Boothroyd JC | 10.1128/EC.00040-06 |
| 18343371 | Plasmodium falciparum: genetic polymorphism in apical membrane antigen-1 genefrom Indian isolates. | Rajesh V, Singamsetti VK, ..., Das A | 10.1016/j.exppara.2008.01.019 |
| 18952195 | Rhoptry neck protein RON2 forms a complex with microneme protein AMA1 inPlasmodium falciparum merozoites. | Cao J, Kaneko O, ..., Torii M | 10.1016/j.parint.2008.09.005 |
| 19283086 | Functional analysis of the leading malaria vaccine candidate AMA-1 reveals anessential role for the cytoplasmic domain in the invasion process. | Treeck M, Zacherl S, ..., Gilberger TW | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000322 |
| 19357945 | Polymorphism at the apical membrane antigen 1 gene (AMA1) of the malaria parasitePlasmodium falciparum in a Vietnamese population. | Quang ND, Hoa PT, ..., Matsuoka H | 10.1007/s10528-009-9236-4 |
| 19502690 | Genetic polymorphism in msp-2, ama-1 and csp genes in Plasmodium falciparum fieldisolates from north and north-western India. | Farooq U, Malla N, Dubey ML | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19502690/ |
| 20236549 | Solution structure of a Plasmodium falciparum AMA-1/MSP 1 chimeric proteinvaccine candidate (PfCP-2.9) for malaria. | Peng H, Hu Y, ..., Pan W | 10.1186/1475-2875-9-76 |
| 20532217 | Protein kinase a dependent phosphorylation of apical membrane antigen 1 plays animportant role in erythrocyte invasion by the malaria parasite. | Leykauf K, Treeck M, ..., Crabb BS | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000941 |
| 21082025 | Generation of humoral immune responses to multi-allele PfAMA1 vaccines; effect ofadjuvant and number of component alleles on the breadth of response. | Kusi KA, Faber BW, ..., Remarque EJ | 10.1371/journal.pone.0015391 |
| 21292899 | Genetic diversity of polymorphic vaccine candidate antigens (apical membraneantigen-1, merozoite surface protein-3, and erythrocyte binding antigen-175) inPlasmodium falciparum isolates from western and central Africa. | Soulama I, Bigoga JD, ..., Sirima SB | 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0365 |
| 22033736 | The cysteine-rich regions of Plasmodium falciparum RON2 bind with hosterythrocyte and AMA1 during merozoite invasion. | Hossain ME, Dhawan S, Mohmmed A | 10.1007/s00436-011-2690-z |
| 22194692 | Juxtamembrane shedding of Plasmodium falciparum AMA1 is sequence independent andessential, and helps evade invasion-inhibitory antibodies. | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002448 | |
| 22306282 | Genetic diversity and natural selection at the domain I of apical membraneantigen-1 (AMA-1) of Plasmodium falciparum in isolates from Iran. | Mardani A, Keshavarz H, ..., Khorramizadeh MR | 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.01.006 |
| 22737069 | Structural and functional insights into the malaria parasite moving junctioncomplex. | Vulliez-Le Normand B, Tonkin ML, ..., Lebrun M | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002755 |
| 23227229 | Defining the antigenic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen1 and the requirements for a multi-allele vaccine against malaria. | Drew DR, Hodder AN, ..., Beeson JG | 10.1371/journal.pone.0051023 |
| 23557839 | Population genetics, sequence diversity and selection in the gene encoding thePlasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 in clinical isolates from thesouth-east of Iran. | Mehrizi AA, Sepehri M, ..., Zakeri S | 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.042 |
| 23747831 | Natural selection and population genetic structure of domain-I of Plasmodiumfalciparum apical membrane antigen-1 in India. | Basu M, Maji AK, Mitra M, Sengupta S | 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.05.015 |
| 23910910 | Role of calcineurin and actin dynamics in regulated secretion of micronemeproteins in Plasmodium falciparum merozoites during erythrocyte invasion. | Singh S, More KR, Chitnis CE | 10.1111/cmi.12177 |
| 24108241 | Apical membrane antigen 1 mediates apicomplexan parasite attachment but isdispensable for host cell invasion. | Bargieri DY, Andenmatten N, ..., Menard R | 10.1038/ncomms3552 |
| 24303947 | Analysis of human B-cell responses following ChAd63-MVA MSP1 and AMA1immunization and controlled malaria infection. | Elias SC, Choudhary P, ..., Draper SJ | 10.1111/imm.12226 |
| 24321092 | Seasonal changes in the antibody responses against Plasmodium falciparummerozoite surface antigens in areas of differing malaria endemicity in Indonesia. | Supargiyono S, Bretscher MT, ..., Drakeley CJ | 10.1186/1475-2875-12-444 |
| 24571085 | Conditional expression of apical membrane antigen 1 in Plasmodium falciparumshows it is required for erythrocyte invasion by merozoites. | Yap A, Azevedo MF, ..., Cowman AF | 10.1111/cmi.12287 |
| 24958881 | Immunization with a functional protein complex required for erythrocyte invasionprotects against lethal malaria. | Srinivasan P, Ekanem E, ..., Miller LH | 10.1073/pnas.1409928111 |
| 25343578 | Molecular insights into the interaction between Plasmodium falciparum apicalmembrane antigen 1 and an invasion-inhibitory peptide. | Wang G, MacRaild CA, ..., Scanlon MJ | 10.1371/journal.pone.0109674 |
| 25360546 | Structure and dynamics of apical membrane antigen 1 from Plasmodium falciparumFVO. | Lim SS, Yang W, ..., McGowan S | 10.1021/bi5012089 |
| 25604491 | alpha-Thalassaemia trait is associated with antibody prevalence against malariaantigens AMA-1 and MSP-1. | Daou M, Kituma E, ..., Doumbo O | 10.1093/tropej/fmu077 |
| 25881166 | Low levels of polymorphisms and no evidence for diversifying selection on thePlasmodium knowlesi Apical Membrane Antigen 1 gene. | Faber BW, Abdul Kadir K, ..., Singh B | 10.1371/journal.pone.0124400 |
| 26537493 | A WD40-repeat protein unique to malaria parasites associates with adhesionprotein complexes and is crucial for blood stage progeny. | von Bohl A, Kuehn A, ..., Pradel G | 10.1186/s12936-015-0967-x |
| 26731670 | Stability of the Plasmodium falciparum AMA1-RON2 Complex Is Governed by theDomain II (DII) Loop. | Delgadillo RF, Parker ML, ..., Douguet D | 10.1371/journal.pone.0144764 |
| 26901523 | Polymorphisms in B Cell Co-Stimulatory Genes Are Associated with IgG AntibodyResponses against Blood-Stage Proteins of Plasmodium vivax. | Cassiano GC, Furini AA, ..., Machado RL | 10.1371/journal.pone.0149581 |
| 28371168 | A MA1 and M AEBL are important for Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite infection ofthe liver | Yang ASP, Lopaticki S, ..., Boddey JA | 10.1111/cmi.12745 |
| 33430886 | Isolation and light chain shuffling of a Plasmodium falciparum AMA1-specifichuman monoclonal antibody with growth inhibitory activity. | Seidel-Greven M, Addai-Mensah O, ..., Fendel R | 10.1186/s12936-020-03548-3 |
| 34946853 | Genetic Polymorphism and Natural Selection of Apical Membrane Antigen-1 in Plasmodium falciparum Isolates from Vietnam | Kang JM, Le HG, ..., Na BK | 10.3390/genes12121903 |
| 35193607 | Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum AMA-1 antigen from the NortheastIndian state of Tripura and comparison with global sequences: implications forvaccine development. | Nirmolia T, Ahmed MA, ..., Patgiri SJ | 10.1186/s12936-022-04081-1 |
| 37829607 | IgM antibody responses against Plasmodium antigens in neotropical primates in theBrazilian Atlantic Forest | de Assis GMP, de Alvarenga DAM, ..., Alves de Brito CF | 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1169552 |
| 37924072 | Establishment and application of an iELISA detection method for measuring apicalmembrane antigen 1 (AMA1) antibodies of Toxoplasma gondii in cats | Gao Y, Shen Y, ..., Lu S | 10.1186/s12917-023-03775-1 |
| 38365484 | A Diversity Covering (DiCo) Plasmodium vivax apical membrane antigen-1 vaccineadjuvanted with RFASE/RSL10 yields high levels of growth-inhibitory antibodies | Faber BW, Yeoh LM, ..., Kocken CHM | 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.029 |
| 37769577 | Invasion-inhibitory peptides chosen by natural selection analysis as anantimalarial strategy | Rodriguez-Obediente K, Yepes-Perez Y, ..., Patarroyo MA | 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.09.013 |
| 37660103 | Structure-based design of a strain transcending AMA1-RON2L malaria vaccine | Patel PN, Dickey TH, ..., Tolia NH | 10.1038/s41467-023-40878-7 |
| 38392804 | Meiotic Cytokinesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Spores That Just Need Closure | Durant M, Mucelli X, Huang LS | 10.3390/jof10020132 |
| 37519774 | Screening of apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1), dense granule protein-7 (GRA7) andrhoptry protein-16 (ROP16) antigens for a potential vaccine candidate againstToxoplasma gondii for chickens | Madlala T, Adeleke VT, ..., Adeleke MA | 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100347 |
| 37735574 | Structure guided mimicry of an essential P. falciparum receptor-ligand complexenhances cross neutralizing antibodies | Yanik S, Venkatesh V, ..., Srinivasan P | 10.1038/s41467-023-41636-5 |
| 37662206 | Analytic optimization of Plasmodium falciparum marker gene haplotype recoveryfrom amplicon deep sequencing of complex mixtures | Lapp Z, Freedman E, ..., Taylor SM | 10.1101/2023.08.17.23294237 |
| 37693871 | Analytical approaches for antimalarial antibody responses to confirm historicaland recent malaria transmission: an example from the Philippines | Macalinao MLM, Fornace KM, ..., Drakeley CJ | 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100792 |
| 37925116 | Genetic diversity and natural selection of apical membrane antigen-1 (ama-1) inCameroonian Plasmodium falciparum isolates | Hawadak J, Kojom Foko LP, ..., Singh V | 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147956 |
| 38087335 | Amplicon deep sequencing of five highly polymorphic markers of Plasmodiumfalciparum reveals high parasite genetic diversity and moderate populationstructure in Ethiopia | Reda AG, Huwe T, ..., Mamo H | 10.1186/s12936-023-04814-w |
| 37691957 | Dynamics of IgG antibody response against Plasmodium antigens among Nigerianinfants and young children | Leonard CM, Uhomoibhi P, ..., Rogier E | 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1208822 |
| 38254075 | Geospatial analysis of Plasmodium falciparum serological indicators: schoolversus community sampling in a low-transmission malaria setting | Jaramillo-Underwood A, Herman C, ..., Rogier E | 10.1186/s12916-023-03145-6 |
| 37988347 | Protein kinase PfPK2 mediated signalling is critical for host erythrocyteinvasion by malaria parasite | Rawat RS, Gupta A, ..., Sharma P | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011770 |
| 38370683 | Potent AMA1-specific human monoclonal antibody against P. vivax Pre-erythrocyticand Blood Stages | Winnicki AC, Dietrich MH, ..., King CL | 10.1101/2024.02.07.579302 |