Genome location: Pf3D7_12_v3:45,887..58,295(-)
Genome classification: SubtelomericHypervariable
Product Description: erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1
SignalP Peptide: N/A
# Transmembrane Domains: 0
EC Numbers: None
Curated GO (PlasmoDB):
| Type | GO Term | Name |
|---|---|---|
| Component | GO:0020036 | Maurer's cleft |
| Component | GO:0020002 | host cell plasma membrane |
| Component | GO:0020030 | infected host cell surface knob |
| Function | GO:0001791 | IgM binding |
| Function | GO:0050839 | cell adhesion molecule binding |
| Function | GO:0035373 | chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan binding |
| Function | GO:0046789 | host cell surface receptor binding |
| Function | GO:0005515 | protein binding |
| Process | GO:0020033 | antigenic variation |
| Process | GO:0098609 | cell-cell adhesion |
| Process | GO:0020035 | cytoadherence to microvasculature, mediated by symbiont protein |
| Process | GO:0020013 | modulation by symbiont of host erythrocyte aggregation |
Expression by stage (LR - Le Roch et al., and MCA - Malaria Cell Atlas):
| Stage | LR class | MCA mean | MCA prop. zeros |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sporozoite | not expressed | N/A | N/A |
| Ring | possibly expressed | 1.08 | 0.67 |
| Trophozoite | not expressed | 0.39 | 0.85 |
| Schizont | not expressed | 0.25 | 0.88 |
| Gametocyte | not expressed | 0.18 | 0.91 |
More info:
Old (Pf3D7v3) Gene ID: PF3D7_1200600
Resistome Missense Mutations: None
Resistome Compounds with Missense Mutations: None
Resistome # Samples with Disruptive Mutations: 0 (0 missense, 0 "interesting" missense)
Zhang Phenotype: Mutable in CDS
MIS: 1 | MFS: -1.899 | #Insertions: 3
PlasmoGEM Phenotype: N/A
RMgmDB ABS Phenotype: N/A
More info: PhenoPlasm Link
AlphaFill Uniprot ID: N/A
"Best" AlphaFill ligand hit: No AlphaFill hits
No associated EC numbersNo evidence of orthology to BindingDB entries
MalariaGEN Pf7 (worldwide samples) # unique SNV/indels:
No passing variants found
PlasmoDB Total SNPs: 3256
Non-coding: 687 | Synonymous: 481 | Nonsynonymous: 2063 | Stop Codon: 25
Protein Length: 3056 | Molecular Weight (kDa): 355.245
UniProt ID(s): A0A0K2JPB4, A0A0K2JPK8, A0A0K2JPM4, A0A0K2JPN0, A0A5P1A070, A0A5P1A0B4, A0A5P1A0C9, A0A5P1A0D4, A0A5P1A0H1, A0A5P1A166, A0A5P1A1E1, A0A5P1A1R9, A0A5P1A207, A0A5P1A217, A0A5P1A243, A0A5P1A2A4, A0A6B9HE73, A7KYF0, A7KYF1, A7KYF2, A7KYF3, A7KYF5, A7KYF6, A7KYF7, A7KYF9, Q6UDW3, Q6UDW7, Q6UDW9, Q8I639
Isoelectric Point: 7.28
Protein Domain Annotations:
| Source | Family ID | Description |
|---|---|---|
| InterPro | IPR004258 | Duffy-binding-like domain |
| InterPro | IPR008602 | Duffy-antigen binding |
| InterPro | IPR029211 | Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1, acidic terminal segment |
| InterPro | IPR032761 | Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1, N-terminal |
| PFam | PF03011 | Duffy-binding-like domain |
| PFam | PF05424 | Duffy-antigen binding |
| PFam | PF15445 | Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1, acidic terminal segment |
| PFam | PF15448 | Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1, N-terminal |
| Superfamily | SSF140924 | N/A |
| PMID | Title | Authors | DOI/Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9230440 | P. falciparum rosetting mediated by a parasite-variant erythrocyte membraneprotein and complement-receptor 1. | Rowe JA, Moulds JM, Newbold CI, Miller LH | 10.1038/40888 |
| 9291676 | Knob proteins in falciparum malaria. | Sharma YD | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9291676/ |
| 9786187 | A recombinant peptide based on PfEMP-1 blocks and reverses adhesion ofmalaria-infected red blood cells to CD36 under flow. | Cooke BM, Nicoll CL, Baruch DI, Coppel RL | 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.01040.x |
| 11420100 | Molecules on the surface of the Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocyte andtheir role in malaria pathogenesis and immune evasion. | Craig A, Scherf A | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11420100/ |
| 12368864 | Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. | Gardner MJ, Hall N, ..., Barrell B | 10.1038/nature01097 |
| 16025132 | A single member of the Plasmodium falciparum var multigene family determinescytoadhesion to the placental receptor chondroitin sulphate A. | Viebig NK, Gamain B, ..., Scherf A | 10.1038/sj.embor.7400466 |
| 18785843 | Antigenic variation in Plasmodium falciparum. | Scherf A, Lopez-Rubio JJ, Riviere L | 10.1146/annurev.micro.61.080706.093134 |
| 27556547 | Placental Sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Parasites Is Mediated bythe Interaction Between VAR2CSA and Chondroitin Sulfate A on Syndecan-1. | Ayres Pereira M, Mandel Clausen T, ..., Salanti A | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005831 |
| 31631203 | A network-based approach reveals novel invasion and Maurer's clefts-relatedproteins in Plasmodium falciparum. | Das D, Krishnan SR, Roy A, Bulusu G | 10.1039/c9mo00124g |
| 34718641 | An Invariant Protein That Colocalizes With VAR2CSA on Plasmodiumfalciparum-Infected Red Cells Binds to Chondroitin Sulfate A. | Keitany GJ, Jenkins BJ, ..., Duffy PE | 10.1093/infdis/jiab550 |
| 37435892 | Malaria Biomimetic for Tumor Targeted Drug Delivery | Pihl J, Clausen TM, ..., Salanti A | 10.1021/acsnano.3c01910 |
| 37569448 | Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Malaria Protein for Early Capture andRecognition of Broad-Spectrum Circulating Tumor Cells | Liu X, Zhang Y, ..., Yang J | 10.3390/ijms241512072 |
| 37828011 | Cryo-electron microscopy of IgM-VAR2CSA complex reveals IgM inhibits binding ofPlasmodium falciparum to Chondroitin Sulfate A | Akhouri RR, Goel S, Skoglund U | 10.1038/s41467-023-41838-x |
| 37515848 | Are high avidity antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum antigens preferentiallytransferred across the placenta of premature and term babies? | Kayatani AKK, Bobbili N, ..., Taylor DW | 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.07.011 |
| 37932470 | Aotus nancymaae model predicts human immune response to the placental malariavaccine candidate VAR2CSA | Doritchamou J, Nielsen MA, ..., Duffy PE | 10.1038/s41684-023-01274-2 |
| 37414792 | Detecting temporal and spatial malaria patterns from first antenatal care visits | Pujol A, Brokhattingen N, ..., Mayor A | 10.1038/s41467-023-39662-4 |
| 38285967 | Correction: A conformational epitope in placental malaria vaccine antigen VAR2CSA: What does it teach us? | Doritchamou JYA, Renn JP, Hviid L, Duffy PE | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011503 |
| 37754682 | Associations between prenatal malaria exposure, maternal antibodies at birth, andmalaria susceptibility during the first year of life in Burkina Faso | Natama HM, Moncunill G, ..., Dobano C | 10.1128/iai.00268-23 |
| 37396303 | A conserved epitope in VAR2CSA is targeted by a cross-reactive antibodyoriginating from Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein | Iyamu U, Vinals DF, ..., Yanow SK | 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1202276 |
| 37091678 | Anti-phosphatidylserine antibody levels are low in multigravid pregnant women ina malaria-endemic area in Nigeria, and do not correlate with anti-VAR2CSAantibodies | Fasanya A, Mohammed N, ..., Persson KEM | 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1130186 |
| 37575395 | VAR2CSA Ectodomain Labeling in Plasmodium falciparum Infected Red Blood Cells andAnalysis via Flow Cytometry | Carmo OMS, Dixon MWA | 10.21769/BioProtoc.4725 |
| 38117828 | Mechanical forces control the valency of the malaria adhesin VAR2CSA by exposingcryptic glycan binding sites | Roessner R, Michelarakis N, Grater F, Aponte-Santamaria C | 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011726 |
| 38270586 | A novel computational pipeline for var gene expression augments the discovery ofchanges in the Plasmodium falciparum transcriptome during transition from in vivoto short-term in vitro culture | Andradi-Brown C, Wichers-Misterek JS, ..., Bachmann A | 10.7554/eLife.87726 |
| 38274790 | Acquisition of antibodies that block Plasmodium falciparum adhesion to placentalreceptor chondroitin sulfate A with increasing gravidity in Malian women | Mahamar A, Traore M, ..., Fried M | 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1330962 |
| 38405848 | Chromatin structure and var2csa - a tango in regulation of var gene expression inthe human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum? | Lenz T, Zhang X, ..., Le Roch KG | 10.1101/2024.02.13.580059 |
| 37156765 | Plasmodium falciparum has evolved multiple mechanisms to hijack humanimmunoglobulin M | Ji C, Shen H, ..., Xiao J | 10.1038/s41467-023-38320-z |
| 38437239 | Structure-guided design of VAR2CSA-based immunogens and a cocktail strategy for aplacental malaria vaccine | Ma R, Salinas ND, ..., Tolia NH | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011879 |
| 37228009 | A conformational epitope in placental malaria vaccine antigen V AR2CSA: What doesit teach us? | Doritchamou JYA, Renn JP, Hviid L, Duffy PE | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011370 |